PRINCIPLE PARTS OF SHAPER
The different parts of a shaper are given and described below.
Base
The base is a heavy and robust in construction which is made of cast
iron by casting process. It is the only part to support all other parts
because all parts are mounted on the top of this base. So, it should be
made to absorb vibrations due to load and cutting forces while
machining.
Column
The column has a box type structure which is made of cast iron. The
inside surface is made as hollow to reduce the total weight of the
shaper. It is mounted on the base. The ram driving (Quick return)
mechanism is housed. The two guide ways are supplied on the top. The ram
reciprocates on the supplied guide ways. Similarly, there are two guide
ways at the front vertical face of the column to move the cross rail
along these guide ways.
Cross rail
It is also a heavy cast iron construction. It glides on the front
vertical ways of the column with two mechanisms. One is aimed at
elevating the table and the other one is for cross travel of the table. A
saddle slides over two guide ways already provided in the front face of
the cross slide. The crosswise movement of the table is obtained by
cross feed screw and the vertical movement of the cross rail is obtained
by an elevating screw.
Saddle
It is attached on the cross rail which holds the table in position on its top without any shake.
Table
It is also a box type rectangular hollow cast iron block. This table
slides along the horizontal guide ways of the cross rail. The work is
held in the table. The table has machined surfaces on the top and sides
of T-slots for clamping work. It can be moved vertically by the
elevating screw. An adjustable table supports the front face of the
table.
Ram
Ram of cast iron has cross ribs for rigidity. Generally, it is a
reciprocating type which slides over the guide ways on the top of the
column. It is linked to driving mechanism of any one and also it carries
the tool head at the front end.
Tool Head
It holds the tool rigidly having swivel base with degree graduation.
So, the tool head can be swiveled to any angle as required. The tool
head has a vertical slide and apron to provide vertical and angular feed
to the tool. A feed screw with graduated dial moves the vertical slide
vertically to set the accurate movement.
Apron is clamped upon the vertical slide which can be titled to right or
left and also clamped at a correct position. The clapper box hinges a
tool block previously fixed with apron. The tool block holds a tool post
to hold the tool. The tool block fits inside the clapper box rigidly.
In the return stroke, the tool block lifts out of clapper box to
minimizing rubbing of the tool on the job.
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